自信才能学习好
Smart kids tend on balance to do well in school. That may seem obvious, but there are a lot of exceptions to that rule. Some kids with high IQs don't ever become academic superstars, while less gifted kids often shine. Why would this be?
聪明的孩子通常在学校的各方面表现良好。那些看起来似乎是显而易见的，但对于这个规律有许多例外。一些智商高的的孩子从来没成为过学习尖子生，然而不那么有天赋的孩子却经常出色。为什么出现这种情况呢？
Psychologists have focused on things like self-esteem and confidence--how good kids think they are--to explain these outcomes. And the assumption has always been that such psychological traits are shaped mostly by parenting--by parents' beliefs and expectations and modeling. But surprisingly this idea had never been scientifically tested.
心理学家曾经着重于研究自尊和自信，通过孩子觉得他们怎么样的问题来解释这些结果。而且这个假设总是：这种心理上的性状大多是由家庭教育，由家长的信仰,期望和树立的榜样的影响而形成的。但令人吃惊的是这个想法从未被科学的证实过。
Until now. Behavioral geneticist Corina Greven of King's College London and her colleagues decided to do the first rigorous analysis of the heritability of confidence--and its relationship to IQ and performance.
直到现在，伦敦大学国王学院的行为遗传学家Corina Greven和她的的同事们决定做**个严格的遗传信心的分析，以及它和智商，成绩的关系。
To do so, they studied more than 3700 pairs of twins, both identical and fraternal twins, from age seven to ten. Comparing genetically identical twins to non-identical siblings allows scientists to sort out the relative contributions of genes and environment, and when they did this they came up with surprising but unmistakable findings.
为了做这些，他们研究了*过3700对双胞胎，清一色的兄弟双胞胎，年龄在7到10岁之间。通过比较基因完全相同的双胞胎与不相同的兄弟姐妹，科学家理清了基因的作用和环境的关系，当他们做这些时，他们想出了令人吃惊但无误的研究结果。
Contrary of accepted wisdom, the researchers found (and report in the June issue of Psychological Science) that kids' confidence is heavily influenced by heredity--at least as much as IQ is. Indeed, as-yet-unidentified confidence genes appear to influence school performance independent of IQ genes, with shared environment having only a negligible influence.
同公认的智慧相反，研究者发现（并且发表在六月的心理科学杂志上）孩子的信心至少和智商一样严重的被遗传所影响，实际上，还未被识别的自信基因看起来对成绩的影响独立于智力基因，共同的成长环境只有微不足道的影响。
The fact that confidence is heritable does not mean it is unchanging, of course. Siblings share a lot of influences living in basically the same home and community, but there are always worldly influences pulling them apart. A genetic legacy of self-confidence merely opens up many possible futures.
信心是遗传的这个事实并不意味着它是不可改变的，当然，兄弟姐妹住在基本上同一个家同一个社区，受许多同样的影响，但有些世俗的影响会把他们区分开。自信基因的传承只是开辟了许多可能的未来。
